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Gastroesophageal reflux disease is an inflammation of the walls of the lower esophagus that occurs as a result of inderal reflux (reverse movement) of propranolol pills or duodenal contents into the esophagus. Manifested by heartburn, belching with a sour or bitter taste, pain and difficulty in swallowing food, dyspepsia, chest pain and other symptoms that worsen after eating and physical exertion.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) - morphological changes and symptom complex that develop as a result of the reflux of the contents of the stomach and duodenum into the esophagus. It is one of the most common pathologies of the digestive system, with a tendency to buy inderal online numerous complications. The high prevalence, severe clinic, which significantly worsens the quality of life of patients, the tendency to develop life-threatening complications, and frequent atypical clinical course make GERD one of the most urgent problems of modern gastroenterology. The constant increase in the incidence requires a thorough study of the mechanisms of GERD development, improvement of early diagnosis methods and the development of effective pathogenetic treatment measures.
Diagnosis includes FGDS, intraesophageal pH-metry, manometry, radiography of the esophagus and stomach. Treatment involves non-drug measures, the appointment of symptomatic therapy. In some cases, surgical interventions are recommended. Subjectively, reflux is felt as the occurrence of heartburn - a burning sensation behind the sternum - and belching. If heartburn occurs regularly (more than 2 times a week), it is suggestive of GERD and requires a medical examination. Chronic reflux that occurs for a long time leads to chronic esophagitis, and later changes in the morphological structure of the mucosa of the lower esophagus and the formation of Barrett's esophagus.
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Factors contributing to the development of pathology are violations of the motor functions of the upper digestive tract, hyperacidotic conditions, reduced protective function of the mucous membrane of the esophagus. Most often, with GERD, there is a violation of the two mechanisms provided by nature to protect the esophagus from the aggressive environment of propranolol online. esophageal clearance (the ability of the esophagus to evacuate contents into the stomach) and resistance of the mucosal wall of inderal pills. The likelihood of developing the disease is increased by stress, smoking, obesity, frequent pregnancies, diaphragmatic hernia, medications (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, anticholinergics, nitrates).
The main factor in the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease is the insufficiency of the lower sphincterctera of the esophagus. In healthy people, this muscular circular formation in the normal state keeps the opening between the esophagus and stomach closed and prevents the reverse movement of the food bolus (reflux).
In case of insufficiency of the sphincter, the opening is open and when the stomach contracts, its contents are thrown back into the esophagus.
Aggressive gastric environment causes irritation of the walls of the esophagus and pathological disorders in the mucosa up to its deep ulceration.
The typical clinical picture of the disease is characterized by heartburn, which is aggravated by bending over, physical exertion, after heavy meals and in the supine position, belching with a sour or bitter taste.